DNM1L and brain ischemia: To date, most of the studies reporting a neuroprotective effect of mdivi-1 against brain ischemia or excitotoxicity provided evidence of anti-apoptotic activity of the drug (Grohm et al., 2012; Zhang et al., 2013; Zhao et al., 2014), consistent with the role of Drp1 in programmed cell death (Frank et al., 2001).