Nitrative stress, lipid accumulation with altered apo expressions (e.g., apoJ), ER stress sensors (e.g., 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein/binding immunoglobulin protein, Grp78/Bip) and the activation of VDR, were also investigated following the HCV-infected Huh7.5 human hepatoma cells that had been pretreated with the PPAR activators or ERAD blocker, then cultured with calcitriol. The gene discussed is VDR; the disease is hepatocellular carcinoma.