Immune checkpoint inhibitors, including anti-CTLA4, anti-PD-1, and anti-PD-L1 antibodies, are effective as single agents in immune-sensitive cancers like melanoma, renal cell carcinoma and NSCLC, but lack efficacy in immune-quiescent or resistant cancers such as pancreatic cancer [60,61,62]. The gene discussed is CTLA4; the disease is cancer.