PTEN and cardiac hypertrophy: In addition, PTEN +/− mice display improved protection induced by ischemic preconditioining and attenuated inflammation and myocardial remodeling after myocardial infarction [181,182], whereas deletion of Pten gene in cardiomyocytes results in cardiac hypertrophy and cardiac contractility dysfunction, as well as in protection to pathological hypertrophy in response to pressure overload [183,184,185].