NFKB1 and liver dysplastic nodule: In summary, our data suggest that CAPE and CAPE-pNO2 can ameliorate DN by suppressing renal oxidative stress, inflammation and fibrosis in STZ-induced diabetic mice via the Akt/ NF-κB/ iNOS pathway; additionally, these compounds can inhibit cell proliferation and ECM accumulation via regulating TGF-β1expression in HG-induced GMCs.