The accumulation of these cells and concurrent loss in number and function of regulatory T cells in Gimap5-deficient models results in an imbalance between Th17 and Treg cells that promotes the development of autoimmune conditions, including severe colitis (mice), aggravated EAE (LEW rats), and T1D (BB rats)5,6,10,11,13. The gene discussed is GIMAP5; the disease is type 1 diabetes mellitus.