VCAM1 and neoplasm: Interestingly, DUC18 CD8+ T cells, regardless of GW4869 treatment, entered CMS5a tumour lesions through the Sca-1+ CD31+ VCAM-1+ neovascular areas, where stromal endothelial progenitor cells (CD31+ Sca-1+) and MSCs (CD140a+ Sca-1+) were abundantly observed (Fig. 7a, b; Supplementary Fig. 15a–c) on the day after intravenous treatment.