Subcutaneous B16F10, 4T1 or CMS5m tumour was treated with DUC18 CD8 EVs, BALB CD8 EVs, BALB CD4 EVs or BALB TB CD8 EVs at 10, 13 and 16 days after tumour inoculation (Fig. 4a). Here, CD8A is linked to neoplasm.