And HMGB1 protein expression in the cytoplasm inside the FCD brain tissue was significantly higher than that in the peri-FCD tissue (0.929 ± 0.089 vs. 0; P < 0.001; Fig. 1b), but total expression had no significant difference between FCD and peri-FCD tissue (1.099 ± 0.057 vs. 0.783 ± 0.028; P > 0.05; Fig. 1b), which suggested that HMGB1 was released from the nucleus into the cytoplasm and upregulated TLR4 expression in FCD lesion tissue. Here, HMGB1 is linked to fleck corneal dystrophy.