XDH and gout: The mainstay of treatment of chronic gout is to reduce sUA <6 mg/dL (360 μmol/L) and even <5 mg/dL (300 μmol/L) for severe gout by urate-lowering therapy (ULT) with xanthine oxidase inhibitors (XOIs) such as allopurinol, febuxostat and topiroxostat, uricosuric agents such as probenecid, sulfinpyrazone, benzbromarone and lesinurad, and uricase such as pegloticase [15,16].