The highest levels of the glycoprotein AFP produced by endodermal tissues are physiologically seen during fetal development, where approximately 90% of children with HB have elevated serum AFP levels at diagnosis.[8,12,13] However, some patients with HB with negative AFP levels show an advanced disease stage at the point of diagnosis, and they also show chemoresistance and have a poor outcome.[14] Thus, development of suitable biomarkers for HB evaluation remains an unmet clinical need. The gene discussed is AFP; the disease is hemoglobin measurement.