Circulating levels of TNF-α were lower in control subjects (20.82 ± 0.87) than in those with CAD (27.74 ± 0.54), T2DM (26.65 ± 01.32) and CAD+T2DM (29.12 ± 0.94) (p < 0.001, p < 0.01 and p < 0.001, respectively; Fig 2C). This evidence concerns the gene TNF and type 2 diabetes mellitus.