In the total group of 268 individuals, α-diversity was negatively associated with clinical biomarkers related to type 2 diabetes: the higher the α-diversity, the lower the fasting plasma levels of glucose, insulin, C-peptide, triacylglycerol and hsCRP, as well as HOMA-IR, BMI and waist circumference (p = 0.049–0.001; Fig. 4 and ESM Table 5). The gene discussed is INS; the disease is type 2 diabetes mellitus.