LPA and chronic kidney disease: Based on results observed in non-CKD-specific populations, even a large relative increase in plasma Lp(a) in these individuals would be expected to yield only a small absolute Lp(a) difference and hence would have a correspondingly small effect on cardiovascular risk [e.g., doubling Lp(a) from 5 to 10 mg/dl would be expected to correspond to ∼5% increase in risk); this may explain a lack of consistency between the results of different studies.