LPA and kidney disorder: Kidney disease results in pronounced changes in Lp(a) levels, with elevated Lp(a) levels in protein-losing states that are likely to be the result of increased synthesis, and elevated Lp(a) levels in non-nephrotic patients and patients treated with hemodialysis who have (genetically determined) large apo(a) isoform size, that are likely to be the result of reduced clearance.