The present study aimed to assess the biological effects of red maca methanolic extract and its n-butanol (alkaloidal) and aqueous fractions on testosterone enanthate-induced BPH in rats determined by prostate gland weight, histological evaluation (stromal area and epithelium height), and the three main hormone receptors (AR, ERα, and ERβ) genetic expression. The gene discussed is ESR1; the disease is benign prostatic hyperplasia.