TNF and Alzheimer disease: Since an age-related increase in release of pro-inflammatory cytokines in resting cells leads to a sterile inflammation (30), and this alteration of the inflammatory status in aging (“inflamm-aging”) could lead to a chronic situation causing neuronal impairment and loss associated with AD (63), we also assessed extracellular release of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-10 secreted ex vivo by blood cells cultured (4 h) under resting conditions, from mAD and AD patients, as well as from adult and elderly healthy controls.