A comparative analysis between GM-CSF+ and − cells, showed an increased plasmablast (37.12 ± 18.34%) and transitional (30.49 ± 15.04%) cell population among GM-CSF+ compared to GM-CSF− (14.26 ± 9.46%, p = 0.001 and 2.45 ± 1.84%, p < 0.0001, respectively) in RA B cells (Figure 2). Here, CSF2 is linked to rheumatoid arthritis.