IL4 and neoplasm: In particular, CD45RO+ memory T lymphocytes, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs) and interferon (IFN)-γ-producing T helper1 cells (Th1) have been found to be associated with prolonged survival in CRC, irrespective of tumor stage (6–8), while the role of Th2 cells in colon cancer is mainly harmful as IL-4 directly and indirectly favors tumor growth (9–11).