Production of IL-10 by tolerogenic DCs is indispensable for regulatory function in multiple settings (32–34) and DC-released TGF-β is important for tolerance induction as DC-specific ablation of the TGF-β activating integrin αvβ8 (Itgb8) results in autoimmunity and colitis as demonstrated in transgenic CD11c-Cre/Itgb8fl/fl mice (35). This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and colitis.