Of note, the long-term prognosis of neonatal rats with cerebral white matter injury due to ischemic periventricular leukomalacia (see section Maternal Immune Activation and Neurodevelopmental Abnormalities: the Role of Purinergic Signaling) was significantly improved by the intraperitoneal injection of UDP-glucose, an endogenous agonist acting on different purinergic receptor subtypes, including GPR17 receptor (a key determinant of oligodendrocyte maturation and differentiation; see section Involvement of the Purinergic System in Brain Alterations Observed in Down Syndrome). The gene discussed is P2RY2; the disease is Down syndrome.