In conclusion, as we depicted in our schematic summary (Fig. 8), we have provided evidence that TSA induces cell death in aggressive human pancreatic cancer cells through the negative modulation of HDACs 1, 7 and 8, as well as the pluripotency transcription factors Oct-4, Sox-2 and Nanog to increase sensitivity of PDAC cells to SAHA or Gemcitabine. This evidence concerns the gene NANOG and familial pancreatic carcinoma.