Phosphatidylinositol-4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase (PI3K) signalling can induce all eight hallmarks of cancer in NSCLC and other cancers, and as such a plethora of PI3K targeted inhibitors have been developed in recent years with a view to halting oncogenic signalling in cancer cells1–5. This evidence concerns the gene PIK3CD and non-small cell lung carcinoma.