LGALS3 and Nephropathy: Patients with Gal-3 level > 25 ng/mL exhibited a 11.4-fold higher risk of microvascular complications (retinopathy and/or nephropathy) and a 8.5-fold increased risk of macrovascular complications (myocardial infraction, angina pectoris, cerebrovascular event, and peripheral artery disease) compared to patients with Gal-3 level < 10 ng/mL [200].