NPPB and heart failure: Clinical effectiveness and prognostic value of this test have been demonstrated in several heart-failure trials, including the “Coordinating Study Evaluating Outcomes of Advising and Counseling in Heart Failure (COACH)” [97], the “Pro-BNP Investigation of Dyspnea in the Emergency Department (PRIDE)” [98], the University of Maryland Pro-BNP for Diagnosis and Prognosis in Patients Presenting with Dyspnea (UMD)” [99] and the “Heart Failure: A Controlled Trial Investigating Outcomes of Exercise Training (HF-ACTION)” [100].