The present findings further confirmed these previous hypotheses, showing that both EMPs released from activated endothelial cells and apoptotic endothelial cells are upregulated in DM patients, whereas the appearance of a pronounced CD31+/CD42-, apoptotic EMP profile, but not a CD62+/CD42-, activated EMP profile, is observed in high glucose-exposed HUVECs. Here, PECAM1 is linked to diabetes mellitus.