Our previous studies have shown that progesterone and calcitriol inhibit ovarian and endometrial cancer growth through caspase-3 activation, induction of G0–G1 cell-cycle arrest, downregulation of TGF-β, MMP-9 and MMP-2 signaling [27, 28, 29, 30]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and endometrial cancer.