NF-κB is involved in the regulation of inflammatory cytokines that may promote inflammation and fibrogenesis in kidney disease.(42) In mice with obstructive nephropathy, administration of paricalcitol was found to block NF-κB and attenuate tubule-interstitial inflammation.(43) Cohen-Lahav et al.(44) reported that vitamin D upregulates IkappaBalpha (IκBα) levels by increasing mRNA stability; an increase in IκBα levels reduces nuclear translocation of NF-κB and thereby downgrades its activity. This evidence concerns the gene NFKB1 and kidney disorder.