The stimulation by TLR5 agonist also caused IL-6 production in the fetal membrane, as well as TLR1/2, TLR4, and TLR2/6 agonists, which is consistent with the previous reports.(8,21,22) These finding suggests that TLR5 is associated with the IL-6 production in the fetal membranes with preterm HCA. Here, TLR1 is linked to hepatocellular adenoma.