Likewise, AMPK activation by AICAr, metformin or adiponectin attenuates cardiac hypertrophy and improves cardiac function in rodent models subjected to transverse aortic constriction (TAC) or isoproterenol treatment, and this is concomitant with inhibition of the afore-mentioned signaling pathways13, 15–17. Here, PRKAA2 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.