In addition, given that estrogen receptor alpha and beta are highly expressed in the hippocampus and the temporal cortex (32, 55), these areas may be a target for future studies investigating whether the manipulation of hormonal levels (e.g., oral contraceptives) can modulate these networks and ameliorate the premenstrual worsening observed in women with comorbid BD and PMDD (5, 56). Here, ESR1 is linked to Behcet disease.