INS and breast cancer: As expected, control and paclitaxel treated mice showed high levels of insulin and IGF-1 receptor activation in the primary breast cancer tumors, whereas the xentuzumab and xentuzumab with paclitaxel treated groups showed markedly reduced levels of insulin and IGF-1 receptor activation, confirming that xentuzumab has reached the tumor and has blocked IGF signaling (Fig. 5b) [38].