We sequenced the human HNRNPA1 gene in 273 Chinese CHD trio probands and 225 sporadic Pakistani nonsyndromic CHD patients and discovered one rare inherited missense mutation and one de novo indel heterozygous nonsynonymous variant; both of these two cases mainly present the VSD phenotype with some additional complex heart phenotypes (Figure 8 and Supplemental Table 3). The gene discussed is HNRNPA1; the disease is ventricular septal defect.