Continued exploration and characterization of the cellular immune responses following natural dengue virus infections (primary and beyond) with comparison to the same responses following vaccination are needed.16–21 Some authors have shown that the addition of plasmid DNA as a prime or boost to other vaccine constructs results in robust polyfunctional T-cells and higher antigen-specific central memory CD8 + T-cells suggesting long-term memory responses.21 Whether anti-dengue T-cell immunity alone is sufficient to provide protection against dengue remains to be determined. This evidence concerns the gene CD8A and dengue disease.