Considering the similarity between the pathophysiology of polymyositis and myocarditis, with an important inflammatory part in a context of viral infection in both cases, cumulated with the previous demonstration of the role of CatB in the former, we hypothesized that CatB might also participate in the pathogenesis of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3)-induced myocarditis. This evidence concerns the gene TYRP1 and myocarditis.