A crucial endocrine role in breast cancer risk and progress may be related to low levels of adiponectin (having anti-cancer effect) and high levels of leptin (having insulin and IGF1-like effects in cancer cells) in the blood [75,76]; interestingly, in a cross-sectional study, it was demonstrated that coffee consumption has a significant positive associations with adiponectin and inverse associations with leptin as well as with the inflammatory marker high sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) indicating interesting endocrine and metabolic effects of coffee consumption [77]. This evidence concerns the gene INS and breast cancer.