The Kir4.1 knockout animals showed severe motor impairment (e.g., ataxia and tremor), epileptic symptoms (e.g., jerky movements and convulsive seizures) and early mortality (within 3 weeks after birth) (Kofuji et al., 2000; Neusch et al., 2001; Djukic et al., 2007). The gene discussed is KCNJ10; the disease is cerebellar ataxia.