TGFB1 and glioblastoma: MSC also release a number of growth factors, such as TGF-β, which may trigger alterations in transcription factors required to initiate process, similar to EMT47,48 in the neighbouring GBM cells resulting in enhanced migration, for example here out of the BM-MSC co-cultures, where we found increased levels of adherence junctions in U373/GBM cells3.