Immune checkpoint blockade therapy targeting PD-1, PD-L1, and CTLA-4 proteins using specific humanized antibodies has demonstrated good clinical response, long-term disease control, and improved survival time in subsets of patients with advanced melanoma, metastatic NSCLC, metastatic renal cell carcinoma, and advanced bladder cancer. The gene discussed is PDCD1; the disease is urinary bladder carcinoma.