Although PD-L1 protein expression in tumor tissues is correlated with relative higher response rates (Table 2), we still have paradox phenomenon that many tumors that were detected to be PD-L1-positive, indeed, do not respond to treatment, and some patients, whose tumors were PD-L1-negative, had a clinical response to anti-PD-L1 treatment with either tumor reduction or tumor stabilization56. The gene discussed is CD274; the disease is neoplasm.