CD44 and renal cell carcinoma: D9S168 microsatellite alteration in tumors [8], intratumoral neutrophil [9], intratumoral expression of proteins including chemokine (C-X-C motif) receptor 8 (CXCR8) [10], CD44 [11], CXCR3, insulin-like growth factor mRNA-binding protein 3, survivin, B7 homolog 1 [12], glycolytic enzymes [13], circulating molecules such as human telomerase reverse transcriptase [14], spermine/spermidine [15], urinary cathepsin D [16], and co-expression of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and its receptor have been associated with poor prognosis in RCC patients [17].