Conversely, patients with a diabetes duration above the median (OR: 0.65), those with less than 9 years of school education (OR: 0.86), those being treated with ≥ 3 oral antidiabetic drugs at baseline (OR: 0.59), and those being treated with insulin (OR: 0.82) were less likely to achieve their treatment target. Here, INS is linked to diabetes mellitus.