The results demonstrate that ET-1 stimulates changes in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells that are also observed in cardiac hypertrophy, including increases in cell size (Porchia et al. 2008) and decreased viability (Xu et al. 2010) and reduced expression of HO-1 protein (Liou et al. 2015). Here, HMOX1 is linked to cardiac hypertrophy.