The transcription factor NF-E2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), which regulates the expression of a battery of genes and is involved in antioxidant and cytoprotective responses and in ATP-dependent drug efflux pumps, is thought to have a crucial role in the control of redox homeostasis and the cell protection against chemical and radiation stress.25–27 Therefore, Nrf2 overexpression in tumour cells favours development of chemoresistance. Here, NFE2L2 is linked to neoplasm.