In particular, excessive ROS, mainly produced by activated macrophages and leukocytes in the colon, induce a series of responses that prolong inflammation, such as matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs), toll-like 4 receptor (TLR4)-NF-κB, and NLRP3 signaling pathway activation, which play crucial roles in colitis. This evidence concerns the gene NLRP3 and colitis.