NUCLEOLIN and viral infectious disease: Virus infection and some viral proteins from Poliovirus, Avian Infectious Bronchitis Virus (IBV), Coronavirus and Human Immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) induce disruption of the nucleolar architecture and changes on the subcellular distribution of nucleolar proteins or proteins that traffic to the nucleolus, such as nucleolin, p53, B23.1 (Waggoner and Sarnow, 1998; Hiscox, 2002; Dove et al., 2006).