Exosomes participate in the propagation of misfolded SOD1 and TDP-43 proteins (Nonaka et al., 2013; Grad et al., 2014), in aberrant phenotype of immune cells (Pinto et al., 2017) and could impair synaptic plasticity in neurodegenerative diseases (Wang et al., 2017). The gene discussed is TARDBP; the disease is neurodegenerative disease.