NHD is caused by recessive gene mutations of DAP12 (TYRO Protein Tyrosine Kinase Binding Protein) or TREM2 (Triggering Receptor Expressed On Myeloid Cells 2, Paloneva et al., 2000, 2002; Bianchin et al., 2004). This evidence concerns the gene TYROBP and Nasu-Hakola disease.