The extent of TGF-β involvement in vasculopathy characteristic of SSc remains relatively unknown, but its homeostatic functions in both endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs), as well as its role in tissue fibrosis, have made TGF-β an attractive target for multiple drug development[44,48,65–68]. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and systemic sclerosis.