STAT3 and infection: Affymetrix analysis revealed that AAMΦ/M2-associated transcription factors STAT6 (FC: +2.48, p <0.0005), STAT3 (FC: +6.14, p <0.0005) and Sp1 (FC: +3.5, p <0.0005), but not CAMΦ/M1-associated transcription factors STAT1 (FC: -1.70, p <0.005) or STAT5 (FC: -1.87, p <0.005), were up-regulated in response to PSG in skin by 6 hours post-infection, and was reproduced in vitro with BMMΦ (Fig 4C).