The DEGs examined included (1) TNFRSF12A (Fn14), which encodes a cell surface protein that binds the ligand TWEAK and is over-expressed in many human solid tumor types including GBM31,32; (2) BMP-7, which encodes a member of the TGF-β superfamily implicated in glioma cell growth control and stem-like glioma cell properties33–35; and (3) POSTN, which encodes a secreted matricellular protein overexpressed in GBM that binds integrins and plays a role in macrophage recruitment and glioma cell invasion36–38. This evidence concerns the gene TGFB1 and glioma.