Outside of our recently published study, we are aware of only one other U.S. study, that of Van et al, which was recently conducted in children.[8] In this study of 300 children presenting with pharyngitis the prevalence of Fn, as determined by PCR and culture, was significantly higher in older adolescents (14–20 yo) (13.5%) than in children less than 14 yrs (1.9%) (p < 0.001). The gene discussed is FN1; the disease is pharyngitis.