MAPK3 and Hyperglycemia: We observed a significant decrease in phosphorylation ratio of ERK1/2 to 12.0% (p = 0.004) at 12 h of CoCl2 under euglycemia, to 33.8% (p = 0.05) under hyperglycemia alone, and to 7.5% (p = 0.001) at 12 h of CoCl2 under hyperglycemia-CoCl2 (Figure 5A).