TGFB1 and cancer: For example, TGFβ signaling has been known to activate the EMT and induce growth suppression in a parallel manner (Tsuji et al., 2008), and cancer stem cells can undergo dormancy during metastasis and chemoresistance (Elshamy and Duhé, 2013; Giancotti, 2013; Pinto et al., 2013; Sosa et al., 2014).